The cranberrybush viburnum, also known as Viburnum trilobum, is a deciduous shrub notable for its attractive foliage, flowers, and fruit. Here are comprehensive facts about this plant:
Botanical Information
Scientific Name: Viburnum trilobum
Common Names: American cranberrybush, highbush cranberry, cranberry viburnum
Family: Adoxaceae (formerly classified under Caprifoliaceae)
Description
Height: Typically grows 8 to 12 feet tall, but can reach up to 15 feet.
Spread: Similar to its height, with a spread of 8 to 12 feet.
Leaves: The leaves are opposite, simple, and have a three-lobed shape resembling a maple leaf. They are 3 to 5 inches long and turn a brilliant red to purple in the fall.
Flowers: Produces flat-topped clusters of small white flowers, called corymbs, in late spring (May to June). Each flower cluster is about 3 to 4 inches across.
Fruit: The bright red, berry-like drupes appear in late summer to early fall. These fruits persist into winter and are edible, though quite tart.
Habitat and Distribution
Native Range: Native to North America, specifically found in northern and eastern regions of the United States and southern Canada.
Preferred Habitat: Thrives in moist, well-drained soils and can be found in woodlands, along streams, and in swampy areas. It prefers full sun to partial shade.
Cultivation
Soil: Prefers well-drained, loamy soils but can tolerate a range of soil types, including clay.
Water: Requires moderate moisture and can tolerate occasional flooding.
Light: Grows best in full sun to partial shade.
Hardiness: USDA zones 2 to 7, indicating good cold tolerance.
Uses
Ornamental: Widely planted as an ornamental shrub for its attractive foliage, flowers, and fruit.
Wildlife: Provides food and habitat for various wildlife species. The fruits are a source of food for birds and small mammals, and the flowers attract pollinators.
Edible Uses: The tart berries can be used to make jams, jellies, sauces, and juices. However, they are often more palatable after the first frost.
Ecological Benefits
Erosion Control: Its extensive root system helps prevent soil erosion, making it suitable for planting on slopes and along stream banks.
Biodiversity: Supports a diverse range of wildlife, including birds, pollinators, and other beneficial insects.
Maintenance and Care
Pruning: Prune to maintain shape and remove any dead or diseased wood. Pruning is best done in late winter to early spring.
Pests and Diseases: Generally resistant to most pests and diseases but can occasionally be affected by aphids, leaf spot, and powdery mildew.
Varieties and Cultivars
'Compactum': A more compact form that grows 4 to 6 feet tall.
'Hahs': Known for its particularly heavy fruiting.
'Bailey Compact': A cultivar with a compact growth habit, reaching about 6 to 8 feet in height and spread.
Similar Species
European Cranberrybush (Viburnum opulus): Often confused with Viburnum trilobum, but can be distinguished by its more deeply lobed leaves and slightly different fruit and flower characteristics.
The cranberrybush viburnum is a versatile and attractive plant that provides year-round interest in the garden, from its spring flowers and summer fruits to its vibrant fall foliage and winter berries.
