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Thursday, May 30, 2024

Canadian serviceberry, Amelanchier canadensis

Scientific Classification:

Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Rosales
Family: Rosaceae
Subfamily: Amygdaloideae
Genus: Amelanchier
Species: A. canadensis

Common Names:

  • Canadian Serviceberry
  • Shadbush
  • Juneberry
  • Chuckley Pear

    Origin and Distribution:

  • Native to eastern North America, from Newfoundland to Ontario and Minnesota, south to northern Florida.
  • Typically found in woodlands, thickets, and along streams and ponds.

    Growth Habit and Characteristics:

  • Large deciduous shrub or small tree.
  • Reaches a height of 6-25 feet (2-8 meters) and a spread of 15-20 feet (5-6 meters).
  • Multi-stemmed with a spreading, rounded crown.
  • Smooth, gray bark on mature branches, younger twigs may be purplish-red.
  • Leaves are alternate, simple, oval-shaped with finely serrated edges, 1-2.5 inches long.
  • Foliage is deep green in spring and summer, turning brilliant orange-red in fall.

    Flowers and Fruits:

  • Blooms in early spring (March-April) before leaves emerge.
  • Flowers are white, fragrant, 5-petaled, borne in drooping clusters.
  • Attracts pollinators like bees and butterflies.
  • Fruits are small, round, berry-like pomes, initially red and maturing to dark purple-blue in early summer (June-July).
  • Fruits are sweet, juicy, and edible, often used in jams, pies, and other desserts.
  • Important food source for birds and other wildlife.

    Cultivation and Uses:

  • Prefers well-drained, slightly acidic soil.
  • Tolerates a range of light conditions, from full sun to partial shade.
  • Requires regular watering, especially during dry periods.
  • Can be propagated from seeds or cuttings.
  • Popular ornamental plant for its spring flowers, edible fruit, and fall foliage.
  • Used in landscaping as a specimen plant, in hedges, or as part of naturalized plantings.
  • Fruits can be eaten fresh, cooked, or processed.
  • No serious pest or disease problems.

    Additional Notes:

  • The name "serviceberry" is associated with the timing of its bloom, coinciding with the time when the ground thawed enough for funeral services to be held in early spring.
  • "Shadbush" refers to the simultaneous blooming of the flowers and the shad fish running in rivers.
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