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Sunday, August 17, 2025

Common Pawpaw, Asimina triloba

The common pawpaw (Asimina triloba) is a small deciduous tree native to the eastern United States. It belongs to the custard apple family (Annonaceae)—making it a relative of tropical fruits like cherimoya and soursop, though it is unusual for being the only temperate member of that family.

Key Features

  • Size: Typically 12–25 feet tall, often forming thickets by root suckering.
  • Leaves: Large, simple, and drooping, up to 12 inches long; turn yellow in fall.
  • Flowers: Maroon to reddish-purple, about 1–2 inches wide, blooming in spring before the leaves fully expand.
  • Fruit: A greenish-yellow berry (2–6 inches long) that ripens to soft yellow-brown. The flesh is creamy and sweet, with a flavor often compared to banana, mango, or custard. Each fruit contains several large brown seeds.
  • Bark: Smooth when young, becoming slightly fissured with age.

    Habitat & Range

  • Grows in rich, moist, well-drained soils, often found in floodplains, bottomlands, and along streams.
  • Native from the Great Lakes and Midwest down to the Gulf Coastal Plain, and from the Atlantic east to eastern Kansas and Texas.

    Ecological & Cultural Notes

  • Pollination: Flowers are pollinated by beetles and flies, not bees. Hand-pollination is often used in cultivation for better fruit set.
  • Wildlife: Fruits are eaten by raccoons, opossums, squirrels, and birds.
  • Human Use: Fruits are edible and were traditionally eaten by Indigenous peoples. Today they’re sometimes used in desserts, ice creams, and brewing.
  • Symbolism: Pawpaw is the state fruit of Ohio and has a cultural presence in Appalachian folk songs (“Way Down Yonder in the Pawpaw Patch”).
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