Brazilian jasmine, Mandevilla sanderi

Brazilian Jasmine, known scientifically as Mandevilla sanderi, is a vibrant vine that originates from the State of Rio de Janeiro in Brazil. It's not a true jasmine, despite its common name, and belongs to the Mandevilla genus. This plant is celebrated for its ornamental qualities, being a rapidly growing, creeping perennial that can prune shoots about 60 cm per year​​.

The plant has a naturally bushy habit and can reach heights between 2-3 meters, or even 4.5 meters in warmer climates. It's characterized by its ability to climb using long, woody stems and its dark green, glossy, ovate-elliptical leaves that grow to about 6 cm in length. The inflorescences are typically pink-red and emerge in simple racemes, usually at the terminal ends of branches. Each flower is around 4-7 cm in diameter, displaying a funnel-shaped corolla​​.

For care, Brazilian Jasmine thrives in well-drained but moist, sandy loamy soil that is moderately fertile. It's crucial to maintain a balance in watering, ensuring the plant receives generous amounts once a week when the topsoil is dry, particularly during the growing season from spring through autumn. Overwatering should be avoided to prevent root rot and other common diseases​​.

When it comes to propagation, Brazilian Jasmine can be propagated through seeds or stem cuttings. For stem cuttings, which are often preferred, you should take 4 to 6-inch cuttings from young, healthy stems, dipping the cut end in rooting hormone and planting them in moist soil. In a few weeks, you should have new plants starting to root​​.

Pests and diseases can occasionally be a concern, with issues such as spider mites, aphids, and leaf spot being the most common. Preventive measures include regular sprays with insecticidal soap or neem oil to keep pests at bay and ensuring the soil isn't overly moist to avoid diseases​​.

Regarding toxicity, Brazilian Jasmine is mildly toxic due to the latex in its sap, which can cause skin irritation upon contact and indigestion if ingested. It's advisable to keep the plant out of reach from children and pets to avoid any accidental ingestion or skin contact​​.

With its lush, colorful blooms and vigorous growth, Brazilian Jasmine can make a stunning addition to your indoor or outdoor garden, provided it receives the right care and conditions to thrive.

Orpine, Sedum telephium

Orpine, also known by its scientific name Hylotelephium telephium, and previously as Sedum telephium, is a succulent perennial plant native to Eurasia. It's part of the Crassulaceae family and is known for its robust and easy-care nature. The plant has many common names, including frog's-stomach, harping Johnny, life-everlasting, live-forever, midsummer-men, Orphan John, and witch's moneybags, reflecting its diverse cultural significance and appearance.

Orpine grows erect or ascending stems, which can reach up to 60 cm in height, with dull green, sometimes reddish-tinged leaves. These leaves are oblong, elliptic to narrowly ovate, usually with strongly toothed margins, and can be up to 6 cm long and 2.5 cm wide. The star-shaped flowers are reddish-purple and appear in dense clusters, usually from late summer to fall. It's a hardy plant that dies back to the ground in winter, with new growth appearing in spring.

This plant has adapted to a variety of environments and can be found in fields, around hedges, and on gravelly or calcareous soils. It's well-known for its drought tolerance and can thrive in areas from USDA hardiness zones 5a to 9b, which corresponds to a wide range of temperatures.

Orpine has been used in both culinary and medicinal contexts. Its young leaves can be eaten raw, and both the leaves and firm tubers can be cooked. Historically, the Romans used it to treat wounds, and it has been employed to treat internal ulcers. Interestingly, it has also been part of love-divination practices.

For gardeners interested in cultivating orpine, it prefers full sun but can tolerate light to partial shade in hot climates. It requires well-drained soil and does not need rich soil to flourish. The "soak and dry" method is recommended for watering, ensuring the soil is completely wet before allowing it to dry out completely. Annual feeding with a balanced fertilizer in spring as new growth appears is beneficial for its health and vigor.

Propagation can be done through seeds, division, or stem cuttings, making it a versatile plant for gardeners looking to expand their collection or share with others.

Love-in-a-Mist, Nigella damascena

Love-in-a-Mist, or Nigella damascena, is a charming and romantic garden annual known for its lovely flowers that seem to be encased in a delicate, misty web of bracts. This plant is native to rocky areas of North Africa and southern Europe and has a long season of interest in the garden​​.

The plant gets its unique name from its intricate flower structure, where delicate petals surround a central cluster of thread-like filaments, creating a mist-like appearance. It belongs to the Ranunculaceae family, which includes other well-known species such as buttercups, clematis, and peonies. Love-in-a-Mist has been cultivated for centuries, appreciated for its ornamental value in gardens​​.

Love-in-a-Mist blooms in various colors, including shades of blue, white, pink, and purple, adding a cheerful touch to any garden. After flowering, it forms unique seed pods that are often used in dried flower arrangements. Typically grown as an annual plant, Love-in-a-Mist completes its life cycle in a single year but can self-seed in suitable conditions​​.

The plant thrives in full sun and well-drained soil and is relatively easy to grow from seeds. It is known for its fern-like foliage, which provides an attractive backdrop for the blooms. In addition to its beauty, Love-in-a-Mist attracts pollinators like bees and butterflies, supporting local ecosystems and promoting biodiversity. The seeds are sometimes used in cooking for their unique flavor​​​​.

For those interested in adding Love-in-a-Mist to their garden, it's worth noting that this plant is a prolific re-seeder, meaning one packet of seeds can start a long-lasting presence in your garden. It's recommended to sow the seeds about 1/8-inch deep in a spot that gets full to part sun and keep the soil moist until sprouts appear, which should be in about two to three weeks. Once established, this annual requires average to little water and does not transplant well due to its long taproot​​.

Whether used in cottage, meadow, or cutting gardens, or even in containers, Love-in-a-Mist offers a delightful and whimsical touch with its airy blooms and ornamental seed pods. Its ease of growth and minimal care requirements make it an excellent choice for gardeners of all levels​​.

Snake's Head Fritillary, Fritillaria meleagris

The Snake's Head Fritillary, Fritillaria meleagris, is a truly distinctive and fascinating plant with a rich history and intriguing characteristics. Originating from Europe and western Asia, it's recognized by its unique, nodding, bell-shaped flowers adorned with a checkered pattern of pink and purple, which some say resemble a snake's skin, hence its common name. This plant thrives up to a height of 30 cm and features lance-shaped, greyish-green leaves​​.

There's been some debate in the United Kingdom about whether this species is native or a long-established garden escapee that became naturalized over time. The first recorded sighting in the wild dates back to 1736, though it was described in gardens before that. Historically, it was abundant in areas like the Thames Valley and parts of Wiltshire, and was a popular cut flower in markets across London, Oxford, and Birmingham. Unfortunately, much of its habitat was lost during World War II when meadows were plowed for food production, making it rare in the wild today. However, it can still be found in specific locations such as Magdalen College, Oxford, and North Meadow National Nature Reserve in Wiltshire​​.

In terms of cultivation, the Snake's Head Fritillary is now readily available as an ornamental bulb for gardens, sold in various colors. The species itself and the pure white-flowered variety have received the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit, indicating their high quality and reliability in gardens​​. It's also recognized as a valuable plant for pollinators, providing nectar and pollen for bees and other pollinating insects, making it an excellent choice for wildlife-friendly gardening​​.

Despite its susceptibility to pests like the scarlet lily beetle, the plant is generally disease-free and can be used in a range of landscaping and horticultural applications, including borders, containers, woodland gardens, and wildflower meadows, due to its distinctive appearance and contribution to biodiversity​​​​.

Winter aconite, Eranthis hyemalis

Winter aconite, scientifically known as Eranthis hyemalis, is a captivating species belonging to the buttercup family, Ranunculaceae. Originating from calcareous woodland regions in France, Italy, and the Balkans, it has become widely naturalized across various parts of Europe. This herbaceous perennial is distinguished by its tuberous roots and is celebrated for its vibrant yellow, cup-shaped flowers that emerge above a collar of leaf-like bracts during the late winter and early spring months. These flowers are notable for their bright yellow, petal-like sepals and tubular nectaries, surrounded by numerous stamens and typically six unfused carpels, leading to the development of follicles containing several seeds.

Winter aconite's lifecycle is that of a spring ephemeral, meaning it takes full advantage of the sunlight that reaches the forest floor before the deciduous canopy regrows its leaves. After flowering, the plant dies back completely to its underground tuber, a strategy that enables it to conserve energy and nutrients for the next growing season.

The name Eranthis hyemalis itself carries significant meaning, with "hyemalis" indicating "winter-flowering" in Latin, reflecting its early bloom times, often while snow is still present. The genus name Eranthis is derived from Greek, with "Er" meaning "spring" and "anthos" meaning "flower," emphasizing its role as one of the first heralds of spring.

Cultivation-wise, winter aconite is highly valued for its early flowering characteristic, and varieties such as E. hyemalis and the sterile hybrid cultivar 'Guinea Gold' have been awarded the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit, underscoring their ornamental value and adaptability in garden settings.

However, it's crucial to note that all parts of the winter aconite plant are toxic if ingested by humans and other mammals, containing cardiac glycosides similar to those in Adonis vernalis. These compounds can have a stimulating effect on the heart in small doses but may cause severe, potentially irreversible damage in large quantities. Symptoms of poisoning can range from abdominal pain and nausea to more severe effects such as disturbed vision, difficulty breathing, slowed heart rate, and even cardiac arrest in extreme cases. This toxicity is due to the presence of compounds such as Eranthin A and B, which belong to the bufadienolide group, also found in certain toad venoms.

Calibrachoa, Million Bells

Calibrachoa, often referred to as "Million Bells" or "trailing petunia," is a genus of plants in the Solanaceae (nightshade) family. These plants are native to South America, spanning regions from southern Brazil to Peru and Chile, where they typically inhabit scrublands and open grasslands. Calibrachoa plants are characterized by their evergreen nature, short-lived perennials, and subshrub form with a sprawling habit, featuring small, petunia-like flowers.

One interesting aspect of Calibrachoa is that the plants produce very little to no seed, which means they are primarily propagated through vegetative cuttings. They thrive in full sun and are sensitive to soil pH levels. These plants are known for producing abundant blooms throughout the season and have a trailing habit, which makes them particularly well-suited for hanging baskets or containers rather than garden beds. The flowers come in a wide range of colors, including violet, blue, pink, red, magenta, yellow, bronze, and white. Calibrachoa foliage is often sticky to the touch, and each plant can produce a significant number of flowers all season long.

Calibrachoa was named after Antonio de la Cal y Bracho, a 19th-century Mexican botanist and pharmacologist. Despite their resemblance to petunias, Calibrachoa are distinguished by significant differences in chromosomes, external characteristics, and fertilization factors. Some Calibrachoa species are cultivated as ornamental plants and are known for their ability to tolerate light frost. They perform best in sun or semi-shade conditions, in free-draining soil, and should only be watered when the soil is nearly dry. These plants are suitable for container gardening and hanging baskets and are known to attract hummingbirds.

For those interested in growing Calibrachoa, it's important to provide them with at least 8 hours of full sun daily, use a well-drained potting mix rich in organic matter, and maintain a slightly acidic soil pH of 5-6.5. Since Calibrachoa are heavy feeders due to their abundant blooms, they require frequent fertilization. Watering should be regular, especially for plants in smaller containers and hanging baskets, but care should be taken to avoid overwatering to prevent root rot. Proper drainage is essential. Additionally, Calibrachoa plants are self-cleaning, meaning they do not require deadheading to continue blooming, and they benefit from good air circulation and slightly drying out between waterings to prevent pest and disease issues​​​​.

Indian hawthorn, Rhaphiolepis indica

Indian hawthorn (Rhaphiolepis indica) is a species of flowering plant in the Rosaceae family, native to southern China, and is widely used in horticulture.

Here are some facts about it:

Appearance: Indian hawthorn is a dense, low, and slow-growing shrub that can reach up to 5 feet in height. It has leathery, dark green leaves that are glossy and can have a bluish-green hue. The leaves are alternate, simple, and broad-oval to elliptical in shape.

Flowers: The plant produces fragrant flowers that are pink or white in color. The blooms are star-shaped and appear in clusters. The flowering season typically occurs in spring, but in some climates, the plant can flower sporadically throughout the year.

Fruits: After flowering, Indian hawthorn produces small, dark blue to black berries. These fruits are pome-like and can be attractive to birds and wildlife.

Cultivation: Indian hawthorn is popular in landscaping and gardening due to its attractive appearance, durability, and low maintenance requirements. It is used for hedges, borders, foundation plantings, and as a specimen plant. The plant prefers full sun to partial shade and well-drained soil. It is also drought-tolerant once established.

Disease Resistance: While generally robust, Indian hawthorn can be susceptible to leaf spot, especially in humid climates or when the leaves remain wet for extended periods. Good air circulation and avoiding overhead watering can help prevent this issue.

Varieties: There are several cultivars of Rhaphiolepis indica, selected for their flower color, growth habit, and leaf characteristics. Some popular cultivars include 'Pinkie', 'Snow White', and 'Majestic Beauty'.

Use in Traditional Medicine: In some cultures, parts of the Indian hawthorn plant have been used in traditional medicine for their supposed health benefits.

Landscaping Benefits: Due to its compact growth and attractive foliage, Indian hawthorn is an excellent choice for urban and residential landscapes. It can withstand urban pollution and is often used in roadside plantings.

Indian hawthorn's versatility and aesthetic appeal make it a favored choice for gardeners and landscapers looking to add evergreen structure and springtime color to their plantings.